LUMBINI BUDDHIST UNIVERSITY
COURSES OF STUDY
M.A. in Applied Buddhism
Lumbini Buddhist University
Office of the Dean
Sanepa, Kathmandu
Nepal
History of Buddhism
MA in Applied Buddhism
Fist Year
Paper I-A
Full Mark: 50
MAAB 501
Teaching Hours: 75
Unit I Introductory Background 15
1. Sources of History of Buddhism
2. Introduction of Janapada and Mahajanapadas of 5th century BC
3. Buddhism as religion and philosophy
Unit II Origin and Development of Buddhism 15
1. Life of Buddha from birth to Mahaparinirvan
2. Buddhist Councils
3. Introduction to Eighteen Nikayas
4. Rise of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism
Unit III Expansion of Buddhism in Asia 15
1. Expansion of Buddhism in South:
a. Sri Lanka
b. Myanmar
c. Thailand
d. Laos,
e. Cambodia
Expansion of Buddhism in North
a. China,
b. Japan,
c. Korea,
d. Mongolia
e. Tibet
Unit IV Buddhist Learning Centres 15
1. Vihars as seat of Education Learning Centres (Early Vihar establishments)
2. Development of Learning Centres: 3
a. Taxila Nalanda,
b. Vikramashila,
c. Odantapuri,
d. Jagadalla,
e. Vallabi, etc.
3. Fall of Ancient Buddhist Learning Centre
Unit V Revival of Buddhism in India in modern times 15
1. Social-Religious Movement during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
2. Movement of the Untouchables in the twentieth century.
3. Revival of Buddhism in India with special reference to
Angarika Dhaminapala, B.R. Ambedkar.
Suggested Readings
1. Conze, Edward, A Short History of Buddhism, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1980.
2. Dhammika, Ven. S., The Edicts of King Ashoka, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1994.
3. Dharmananda, K. Sri, Buddhism as a Religion, Kuala Lumpur: Sasana Abhiwurdi Wardhana Society, 1994.
4. Dutt, Nalinaksha, Buddhist Sects in India, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987.
5. Dutt, Sukumar, Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India: Their History &Their Contributions To Indian Culture, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1962.
6. Dutt, Sukumar. Early Buddhist Monachism. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1984.
7. Hazara, Kanai Lal, The Rise and Decline of Buddhism in India, New Delhi: Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, 1998.
8. Hirakawa, Akira, A History of Indian Buddhism: From Shakyamuni to Early Mahayana, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990.
9. Lamotte, Étienne, History of Indian Buddhism, tr. Sara Webb-Boin, Louvain: Peeters Press, 1988.
10. Landaw, Jonathan, Stephen Bodian and Gudrun Buhnemann, Buddhism for Dummies,Hoboken: Wiley Publishing, 2011.
11. Leitich, Keith A., ‘The Rise and Decline of Buddhism in Central Asia, In: Shanker Thap (ed.), Northern Buddhism in History, Kathmandu: Vajra Publications, 2005.
12. Lester, R.C. Theravada Buddhism in Southeast Asia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1973.
13. Malalgoda, Kitsiri. Buddhism in Sinhalese Society 1760- 1900, Berkeley: Univ. of Californi Press, 1976.
14. Narada, Thera, Buddha and His Teachings, Taipei: The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational foundation, 1988.
15. Nariman, G. K., Literary history of Sanskrit Buddhism, Delhi: MLBD, 1992.
16. Pande, G C, Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, Allahabad: University of Allahabad, 1957
17. Prebish, Charles S., Buddhism: A Modern Perspective, University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
18. Sankrityayana, Rahul (tr.), Vinayapitaka, Bouddha Akar Granth Mala, Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, 1994.
19. Sarao, K T S, The Decline of Indian Buddhism: A Fresh Perspective, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 2012.
20. Sarao, KTS, “Da Tang Xiyuji and Other Chinese Sources on the Decline of Buddhism in India,” In: Prem Kumari Pant et al (eds.), Buddhism: the Icon of Cultural Linkage with China,
Kathmandu: Nepal China Society, 2010: 181-214.
21. Schumann, H. W., The Historical Buddha: the Times, Life and Teachings of the Founder of Buddhism, New Delhi: MLBD, 2004.
22. Seneviratna, Anuradha (ed.), King Ashoka and Buddhism Historical and Literary Studies, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1994.
23. Winternitz, Maurice, History of Indian Literature, Vol. 2: Buddhist & Jain Literature, Delhi: MLBD, 1998.
24. Pandey, Govinda C. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1999
25. Rapson, E. J., The Cambridge History of India Volume I : Ancient India, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Buddhism of Nepal
MA in Applied Buddhism
First Year
Paper I-B
Full mark 50
MAAB 502
Teaching Hours: 75
Unit I Historical Background 15
1. Svayambhu Puran as source of Buddhism of Nepal
2. Visit of Buddha, Anada and Ashoka to the Nepal Valley
3. Buddhism through Ages - (Historical account of Buddhism during Licchivi, Early
4. Mediaval and Mediaval period
a. Classification of Age
b. Historical Account of Buddhism during Kirat, Lichchhavi, Early and Later Medieval Period.
c. Buddhism during the Lichhavi Period
d. Contribution of Lichhavi rulers to the promotion of Buddhism in Nepal
e. Buddhism during early and later Medieval period
f. Contribution of contemporary rulers in the development of the Buddhism of Nepal.
Unit II Buddhism of Nepal Mandala 20
1. Concept of Triple Gem (Tri Ratna)
2. Classification of Vihars of Nepal Mandala and their tradition.
3. Religious practices:
a. Daily practices,
b. Occasional Practices: Vrata
c. Dan(generosity) practices,Panchada,Samyakdan,and Navadan
4. Feast and festivals
a. Chariot festival of Karunamay of Kathmandu and Lalitpur,
b. Gunla, Mataya, of Lalitpur
5. Principle Buddhist sites of Nepal Manadala
a. Swayambhu,
b. Boudha,
c. Namo-Buddha,
d. Manichud,
e. Pharping
Unit III Buddhism of Khasa Kingdom 5
1. Introduction to Khasa Kingdom
2. Contributions of Khasa Kings to the promotion of Buddhism in Western Nepal
a. Ripu Malla,
b. Prithvi Malla,
c. Punya Malla and
d. Jitari Malla.
Unit IV Buddhism of Northern Nepal 15
1. Introduction to Northern Nepal
2. Buddhist Ethnic groups of Northern Nepal
3. Prominent sects
a. Nyringmapa,
b. Kagyupa,
c. Sakyapa,
d. Gelupa
4. Prominent Gumbas
a. Tengboche (Solu),
b. Bigu Tashi (Dolkha),
c. Tsarang (Mustang),
d. Shey (Dolpa)
5. Feast and festivals
a. Losar,
b. Yartung,
c. Manirumdum,
d. Tiji,
e. Dumje
6. Important Buddhist Sites
a. Maratika,
b. Muktinath,
c. Shey
Unit V Thervada Buddhism in Nepal 20
1. Revival of Thervad Buddhism in 19th century
2. Movement of Theravad Buddhism in Nepal.
3. Present state of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal
4. Monastic functions
a. Ordination
b. Order
5. Theravada Buddhist Practices
a. Kathindan and Varshabas
b. Mahaparitran
c. Uposadha
d. Buddha-Puja
Suggested Reading
1. Adhikari, Surya Mani, The Khasa Kingdom : A Trans-Himalayan Empire of the
2. Middle Age, Jaipur: Nirala Publication, 1997.
3. Bajracharya Mana Vajra, Mythological History of the Nepal Valley from Svayambhu Purana,
Kathmandu; Avalok Publisher, 1978.
4. Bajracharya, Naresh Man., History of Buddhism in Nepal, New Delhi, Eastern Book Linkers. 1998.
5. Bajracharya, Naresh Man, Vajrayayan. Kathmandu: Tri-Ratna Kosh. 2012
6. Douglas-Tuladhar, Will, Remaking Buddhism for Medieval Nepal: The Fifteenth - Century Reformation of Newar Buddhism, London:Routledge, 2006.
7. Gellner, David N., Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest. Newar Buddhism and its Hierarchy of Ritual, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992
8. Kloppenberg, Ria, ‘Theravada Buddhism in Nepal’, Kailash, Vol. 5, 1977, 301-321.
9. Levine, Sarah and David Gellner, Rebuilding Buddhism: The Theravāda Movement in Twentieth Century Nepal, Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University, 2005.
10. Locke, John K., Buddhist Monasteries of Nepal, Kathmandu: Sahayogi Press, 1985.
11. Locke, John, Karunamaya: The cult of Avalokitesvara in the Valley of Nepal, Kathmandu: CNAS,
1985.
12. Pandey, Ram Niwas, Making of Modern Nepal: A Study of History, Art, Culture of Western Nepal, Jaipur: Nirala Publication, 1998.
13. Pant, Prem Kumari, et al (ed.), Buddhism: the Icon of Cultural Linkage with China, Kathmandu: Nepal China Society, 2010.
14. Pradhan, Bhuvan L., Nepalma Bouddha Dharma, Kathmandu; Royal Nepal Academy, 1990.
15. Rajendra Ram, History of Buddhism in Nepal (A.D. 704-1396), Patna: Janabharati Prakashan, 1977
16. Regmi, D R, Medieval Nepal, 2 Vols., Calcutta: K L Mukhopadhyaya, 1972.
17. Shakya, Min B. and Shanta Harsha Bajracharya (tr.), Svayambhu Purana, Lalitpur: NIEM, 1997.
18. Shrestha, Khadga Man, History of Buddhism of Nepal with Special Reference to Vajrayana Buddhism of Nepal, Kathmandu: KamalaDevi Shrestha, 2008.
19. Thapa, Shanker and Indra Kumari Bajracharya, Ratnakar Mahavihara, A Vajrayana Buddhist Monastery of Patan, New Delhi: Adroit Publisher, 2005.
20. Thapa, Shanker, Buddhist Monasticism in Theory and Practice, Kathmandu: Walden Books, 1995.
21. Thapa, Shanker, Buddhist Sanskrit Literature of Nepal, Seoul: Minjoksa Publishing Co., 2005.
22. Thapa, Shanker, 'History of Nepalese Buddhism: From Mythological Tradition to the Licchavi Period', Voice of History, Vol. XVI, No. 2, 2001 Dec.
23. Thapa, Shanker, Newar Buddhism: History, Scholarship and Literature, Lalitpur: Nagarjuna Publications, 2005.
24. Vajracharya, Dhanavajra, Licchavikalka Abhilekh, Kirtipur: Asiyali Anusandhan Kendra, 2030 VS
25. Vajracharya, Dhanavajra and K.P. Malla (ed.), The Gopalrajsavamsavali, Nepal Research Center Publication No. 9, Wiesbaden; Franz Stiener Verlag, 1985
Concept and Theories of Applied Buddhism
MA in Applied Buddhism
Full marks: 50
First Year : Paper II -A
Teaching Hours: 75
MAAB 506
Objectives:
The objective of the course is to impart the Buddhist knowledge with new perspective for making broadness of Buddhist teachings. It intends to acquaint the student with the several movements taken place in Buddhist and non Buddhist country and increasing the significance of Buddhism and making easily adaptation in changing world. Without changing the core teachings of Buddha the course intends to present Buddha's teachings with new perspective.
Unit 1 Conceptual Aspects of applied Buddhism 12
1.1 Definition, Concept , Scope, Significance and Limitations
1.2 Buddhism vs. Applied Buddhism
1.3 Buddhism: Basic Buddhist teachings as Three Characteristics, four noble truth, dependent origination and Emptiness.
1.4 Applied Buddhism: Application of Buddhism in multidisciplinary field of studies as Economics, Management, Conflict Resolution, Gender equality and Psychology.
1.5 Applying Buddhist principles in daily life and self cultivation:
Observing five and eight precepts, Uposatha vrata, Practicing meditation: Samatha and Vipassana
Unit II Buddhist Modernism 15
2.1 Buddhist Modernism - an overview on the concept of Buddhist modernism
2.1.1 Meaning and Origin
2.1.2 Bechert and Buddhist modernism
2.1.3 Canonical, Traditional, and Modern Buddhism
2.1.4 Turning Point of Buddhist Modernism
2.1.5 Mohotivatte Gunanada and debate with Christian father
2.1.6 Anāgārika Dharmapāla as an influential reformer of Buddhism
2.1.7 Back to the original sources of Buddhism
2.1.8 Impact of Buddhist modernism
2.2 Lopez's concept of Buddhist modernism
2.2.1 Concept of Buddhist Modernism according to Donald S. Lopez Jr
2.2.2 Characteristics of Modern Buddhism
2.2.3 List of the scholar and their brief contribution for Buddhist modernism described in A Modern Buddhist Bible
2.2 Buddhism in the west- departure to modernity
2.2.1 Origin and spread of Buddhism in west (historical back ground),
2.2.2 Immigrants Buddhists and teachers propagating Buddhism in west,
2.2.3 Influence of Buddhism in west,
2.2.4 Overall reason for the spread of Buddhism and
2.2.5 Buddhism today in west
Unit III Contemporary Buddhist movements 18
3.1 Engaged Buddhism
3.1.1 Introduction of engaged Buddhism
3.1.2 Fourteen guidelines of Thick Nhat Hanh
3.1.3 Tzu Chi Foundation : Origin, activities
3.1.4 Indramang or Indra net community movement, Guiding principle of Indramang, Back to farm movement (organic), alternate school (Theory and practice)
3.1.5 Sarvodaya Shramadana : Origin, activities and Buddha's teachings in Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement developed in Sri Lanka by A.T Aryaratne
3.2 Lay Buddhist Movement
3.2.1 Introduction of lay Buddhist movement, significance of layperson in Buddhism, 3.2.2 Lay Buddhist movement in Japan as Risso Kosei Kai,
3.2.3 Myanmar (Vipassana practice),
3.2.4 USA and international lay Buddhist forum
3.3 Navayana Buddhism in India( the Hermeneutics of Buddhist Liberation)
3.3.1 Renaissance of Buddhism in India
3.3.2 Conversion movement of Dalits in India initiated by B.R Ambedkar
3.3.3 Twenty two vows of Dikshha Bhumi inscribed in Nagpur
3.4 Shakya Dhita Movement
Introduction, Origin, activities, Significance and conferences at several places
Unit IV Modern Buddhist Thinkers and Ideological Contributions 14
4.1 Thich Nhat hanh
4.2 Buddhadasa Bhikshu
4.3 S.N Goenka
4.4 Henry steel Oolcott
4.5 Anagarika Dhammapala( Buddhist Nationalism and Protestant Buddhism)
4.6 Sonam Gyatso (1543–1588)
4.7 Sangharakshita (Neo-traditional Buddhism in India)
Unit V. Buddhism and Globalization 16
5.1 Globalization of Buddha's teachings at the time of Buddha
5.2 Emperor Ashoka's contribution for globalizing Buddhism
5.3 Emperor Kanishka's contribution for globalizing Buddhism
5.4 Survey of Buddhism in the west
5.4.1 Origin of Buddhism in west
5.4.2 Greco-Buddhism and Buddhism in Roman world
5.4.3 Westerner converted into Buddhist
5.4.4 Introduction of Buddhism to European America with special reference to the England, German and USA
5.5 Impact of Buddhism in the western society
5.5.1 Taking refuge to Triratna and observation of precept
5.5.2 Buddhist institution,
5.5.3 Buddhist school
5.5.4 Development and publication of Buddhist literature
5.5.5 Buddhism used in various fields (Application in psychotherapy etc.)
5.5.6 Movies and documentary
5.5.7 Organization of Buddhist society
5.5.8 Establishment of Buddhist education centers
5.5.9 Establishment of Meditation centre
5.5.10 Monasticism in west
5.5.11 Establishment of Viharas and monasteries
References:
Buddhist Literature
MA in Applied Buddhism First Year
Paper II-B
MAAB 508
Full Mark 50
Teaching Hour 75
Unit I Introductory Background 10
1. Evolution of "Buddha Vacana" to Buddhist Literature
2. Meaning of Dharma as "Buddha Vacana" in the context of Tri- Ratna ie. Buddha, Dharma and Sangha with special reference to eighty four thousand "Dharma Skanda"
3. Introduction to Navang (Nine Angas) and Dwadasang (Twelve Angas)
Unit II Formation of Pali Literature 20
1. Origin and development of Pali Tripitaka
2. Sutta
3. Vinaya
4. Abhidhamma
5. Attakatha
6. Anupitaka
Unit III Formation of Sanskrit Tripitaka 20
1. Origin and development of Sanskrit literature
2. Agama
3. Sutra,
4. Vinaya,
5. Abhidharma,
6. Tantra
7. Shastra.
Unit IV Translated Canons - Origin and Development. 15
1. Chinese Tripitaka
2. Korean Tripitaka
3. Tibetan Tripitaka
4. Mongolian Tripitaka
Unit V Buddhist Tripitaka in the Digital age 10
1. e-resources of Buddhist manuscripts,
2. e-books and translations of Buddhist texts
Suggested Readings
1. Barua, Benimadhab., A History of Pre-Buddhist Indian Philosophy, Delhi: MLBD, 1970.
2. Beal, Samuel, Buddhist Tripitaka as it is Known in China and Japan, London: Clarke and Son, 1876.
3. Bodhi, Bhikkhu, The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikāya, Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2000,
4. Chatterjee, Ashok Kumar Chatterjee, Yogacara Idealism, Delhi: MLBD, 1997.
5. Dreyfus, Georges B. J., Recognizing Reality: Dharmakirti’s Philosophy and Its Tibetan Interpretations, NY: SUNY Press, 1997.
6. Gombrich, Richard F, Theravada Buddhism: A Social History from Ancient Benares to Modern Colombo, New York: Routledge, 2006,
7. Harris, I., The Continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism, Leiden: EJ Brill, 1991.
8. Harvey, Peter, An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990,
9. Hattori, Masaaki, trans. Dignāga, On Perception: Being the Pratyaksapariccheda of Dignāga’s Pramānasamuccaya from the Sanskrit Fragments and the Tibetan Versions. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.
10. Kalupahana, David J, Buddhist Philosophy: A Historical Analysis, Honolulu: Univ of Hawai’i Press, 1975.
11. Kalupahana, David J,, A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.
12. Landaw, Jonathan, Stephen Bodian and Gudrun Buhnemann, Buddhism for Dummies, Hoboken: Wiley Publishing, 2011.
13. Laumakis, Stephen J, An Introduction to Buddhist Philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2008.
14. Law, Bimala Curna, A History of Pali Literature, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co., 1933.
15. Lindtner, Chrarles, Nagarjuniana: Studies in the Writings and Philosophy of Nagarjuna, Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 1982.
16. Lusthaus, Dan, Buddhist Phenomenology: A Philosophical Investigation of Yogacara Buddhism and the Ch’eng Weishih lun, London: Curzon Press, 2003,
17. Matilal, Bimal Krishna and Robert D. Evans (eds.), Buddhist Logic and Epistemology: Studies in the Buddhist Analysis of Inference and Language, Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Co, 1986.
18. Matilal, Bimal Krishna, The Character of Logic in India, New York: SUNY Press, 1998.
19. McCagney, Nancy, Nāgārjuna and the Philosophy of Openness, Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997,
20. Murti, T.R.V, The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1960.
21. Nagao, Gadjin M. Mādhyamika and Yogācāra, NY: SUNY Press, 1991.
22. Narada Thera, The Buddha and His Teachings, Taipei: CBBEF, 1995.
23. Nariman, G.K., Literary history of Sanskrit Buddhism, Delhi: MLBD, 1992.
24. Omvedt, Gail, Buddhism in India Challenging Brahmanism and Caste, New Delhi: Sage Publication, 2003.
25. Piyadassi Thera, Buddha’s Ancient Path, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 1974.
26. Poppe, Nicholas. The Twelve Deeds of Buddha, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1967.
27. Prebish, Charles S, Buddhist: A Modern Perspective, University Park: University Park, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.
28. Rajapakse, Reginton, ‘Buddhism as Religion and Philosophy,’ Religion, Vol. 16, 1986,
51–55,
29. Ronkin, Nora, Early Buddhist Metaphysics: The Making of a Philosophical Tradition, New York: Routledge Curzon, 2005,
30. Ruegg, David S., The Literature of the Madhyamaka School of Philosophy in India. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1981.
31. Sangharakshita, Maha Sthavira. The Eternal Legacy: An Introduction to the Canonical Literature of Buddhism. London: Tharpa, 1985.
32. Santina, Peter de la, The Tree of Enlightenment, Taiwan: Chico Dharma Study Foundation, 1997.
33. Shaw, Sarah, Buddhist Meditation: An Anthology of Texts from the Pali Canon, Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism, London: Routledge, 2006.
34. Stcherbatsky, F. Theodore. Buddhist Logic, Vols. I and II. New York: Dover, 1930.
35. Suzuki, D.T., Outlines of Mahāyāna Buddhism. New York: Schocken, 1963.
36. Upadhyaya, Baldev, Bauddha Darshan Mimamsa, Varanasi: Chaukhamba Vidyabhavan, 1978.
37. Walapola, Rahula, What the Buddha Taught: Revised and Expanded Edition with Texts from Suttas and Dhammapada, NY: Grove Press, 1974.
38. Watanabe, Fumimoro, Philosophy and Its Development in the Nikāyas and Abhidhamma, Delhi: MLBD, 1983,
39. Wayman, Alex, A Millennium of Buddhist Logic, Delhi:
MLBD, 1999.
40. Williams, Paul and Anthony Tribe, Buddhist Thought: A Complete introduction to the Indian tradition, London: Routledge, 2000.
41. Williams, Paul, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, London: Routledge, 1989.
42. Winternitz, Maurice, History of Indian Literature, Vol. 2: Buddhist & Jain Literature, Delhi: MLBD, 1998.
Buddhist Philosophy
MA in Applied Buddhism First Year
Paper III
MAAB 509
Full Mark 100
Teaching Hours: 150
Objectives
The course aims to impart the students knowledge on general Buddhist Philosophy and traditions. It helps them understand the reality of the universe and human beings' existence within cosmological, theological and philosophical understandings and the ways these motivate ordinary and extraordinary human lives. The course is categorized into seven units. General Buddhist concepts following which Buddhists advance in their practice are included in Unit First and those which are known as basic Buddhist teachings are the subjects under Unit Second. Unit Third gives a brief introduction to Buddhist meditation. Unit Four introduces four philosophical schools of Buddhism and Buddhist logics that serve as bases for further readings. Unit Five includes some important Mahayanic concepts. Unit six throws light on Vajrayana Philosophy and Practice. Unit Seven deals with common Buddhist principles on Karma and rebirth, common Buddhist practices, role of laity in Buddhism, monasticism, social dimension of Buddhism etc. earlier Buddhist meditation practice.
Unit I General Buddhist concepts 5
1. Triratna (Triple Gems)
2. Trisarana (Triple refuge)
3. Punyasambhara andjnanasambhara(Accumulation of merits and knowledge)
4. Panca-Sila (Five precepts)
Unit II Buddhist Teachings/Theravada 25
1. Four Noble Truths
2. Suffering
3. Arising of Suffering
4. Cessation of Suffering
5. The path leading to cessation of suffering
6. Law of Dependent Origination
7. Interdependence
8. Relativity
9. Conditionality
10. Twelve linked cycle of origination
11. Three Universal Characteristics
a. Impermanence
b. Suffering
c. Selflessness
12. Arahat and Nirvana
13. Bodhisattva and Buddhahood in Sravakyana
Unit III Buddhist Meditation 10
1. Samatha Meditation: Its objectives, types and importance
2. Vipasyana Meditation: its objectives, types and importance
Unit IV Four Philosophical Buddhist Doctrines and BuddhistLogics 35
1. Vaibhasika doctrine
a. Meaning, sub-schools and etymology
b. Theory of Dharmas of Sarvastivada
c. Concept of Pratisankhyanirodha and
Apratisankhyanirodha, Prapti, Aprapti, Avijnapti
2. Sautrantic doctrine
a. Meaning, sub schools and etymology
b. Theory of Momentary-ness
c. Concept of Perception and Apperception
3. Madhyamika doctrine
a. Meaning, sub-schools and etymology
b. Two Truths: SamvrittiSatya and ParmarthaSatya
c. Concept of Sunyata, Anutpada, Catuskoti (Fourfold analysis)
4. Yogacara Doctrine
a. Meaning, sub-schools and etymology
b. Theory of "Mind Only" (Cittamatrata-Vijnaptimatasiddhi)
c. Concept of Alayavijnana, Klistamanovijnana and Pravrttivijnana
d. Three nature of objects Parikalpita, Paratantra and
Parinispanna nature
5. Buddhist Logics
a. Origin
b. Pramana
c. Buddhist epistemology
d. Syllogism
Unit V Mahayana Philosophy 25
1. Bodhisattva Ideals, Bodhicitta generation, Bodhisattva precepts
2. Developing Bodhisattva Perfections (sadaparamita)
3. Ten stages of Bodhisattva
4. Concept of Tri-Kaya: Dharmakaya, Sambhogakaya, Nirmanakaya
5. Concept of Tathagata and Tathagatagarbha
6. Pudgalanairatmya and Dharmanairatmya
7. Klesavarana and Jyayavarana
8. Recitation of sutras and Dharanis
Unit VI Vajrayana Philosophy and Practice 25
1. Vajrayana Philosophy
a. Vajrayana: meaning, and objectives
b. Mantra, mandala, and Tantra
c. Philosophical foundations
d. The concepts of Sunyata and Chitramatra and their implication in Vajrayana
e. Symbolism and Concept of Pancha-Buddha
f. Vajrayana Psychology, Physiology and Cosmology
2. Vajrayana Practice
a. Vajrayana Initiation
b. Vajrayana Meditation
c. Four Systems of Tantric thought in Buddhism and its goals
Unit VII Buddhist Ethics, Monasticism and their Social dimension 25
1. Universalistic features of Buddhist ethics, Karma and its effects
2. Concept of Karma, rebirth, karma and motivation. Criteria for good and bad action
3. Monasticism
a. Concept and Origin
b. Monastic values: celibacy, role of monasticism
c. Monasticism in Earlier Buddhism
d. Monasticism in Later Buddhism, Mahayana reassessment of monasticism.
4. Social Dimensions (of the goal) of Nibbana and Buddhahood
5. Laity in Buddhism
6. Skillful Means
References.
1. Brown, Brian Edward- The Buddha Nature. A study of Tathagatagarbha and Alayavijnana. Buddhist tradition series, New Delhi; MLBD 1994
2. Dayal, Har- The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature (reprint), DelhiMotilalBanarasidass Publishers, 2004
3. Dutta, Nalinaksa- Mahayana Buddhism.Delhi : MLBD 1978
4. Guenther, H.V. (tr.) Jewel Ornament of Liberation of Gampopa (reprint), London: Rider and Co.. 1974.
5. Gyaltsen, Dragpa- Candragomin'sTwenty Verses on Bodhisattva Vows, Dharmashala; Library of Tibetan Works and Archives 1982.
6. HH Dalai Lama - The Awakening Mind Bodhicittotpada,Taipei; The Corporate Body of Buddha Educational Foundation 1999.
7. Harvey, Peter - An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics, Cambridge; CambridgeUniversity Press, 2000
8. Hopkins, Jeffrey and GesheSopa- TheTantra in Tibet (reprint). New York; Snowland Publications, 1987.
9. Hopkins, Jeffery and GesheSopa- TheTheory and practice of Tibetan BuddhismIndia; B. I. Publication 1976. Yogachara Idealism Ashoka Kumar Chaterjee, MLBD Delhi, 1975 reprint
10. Kochumuttom, Thomas A., A Buddhist Doctrine of Experience,Delhi, MotilalBenarasidass, 1982
11. Murti, T.R.V- The Central Philosophy of Buddhism, London; Unwin Paperbacks, 1980 (reprint)
12. Narendradeva, BoudhaDarshan,
13. Pande, G.C-. Studies in the Origins of Buddhism.New Delhi; MLBD, 1995 (reprint)
14. Santina, Peter De La - The Tree of Enlightenment by (reprint). Taiwan; Chico Dharma Study Foundation, 1997.
15. Tachibana, S- The Ethics of Buddhism,Oxford; Curzon Press, 1926
16. ThanhThich Minh, The Mind in Early Buddhism, New Delhi, MunshiramManoharlala Publisher Pvt. Ltd. 2001
17. Thera, Piyadassi - The Buddha's Ancient Path,London; Rider and Co.. 1964
18. Stcherbatsky, Th. Buddhist logic, 2 vols.
19. Upadhyaya, Baladeva- Budhha Dharma Mimamsa..Varanasi; ChowkhambaVidyabhavan,
1978.
Buddhist Art and Architecture
MA in Applied Buddhism First Year
Paper IV
MAAB 510
Full mark 100
Teaching Hours: 150
Course description
The course is divided into four parts. The first part is related to general introduction of art and Buddhist Scripts. The second part is devoted to origin and development of Buddhist art and architecture. The third part is concentrated on Nepalese Buddhist art and the fourth part is related to Buddhist Iconography.
Objectives
The main objective of the course is to provide basic knowledge of Buddhist Art and Architecture as well as Buddhist Script and Iconography.
Part One
General Introduction
Unit I General introduction to Art 15
1. Evolution, Meaning, Concept and Significance of Art
2. Introduction to Eastern and western Art
3. Types of Art
a. Visual art,
b. Fine art,
c. Applied art,
d. Abstract art & others
4. Basic Principles of Art
Unit II Introduction to Buddhist Scripts 20
1. Origin of Brahmi Script as a Pali writing system
2. Brahmi Alphabets and its translation practice
3. Ashokan Pillar Inscriptions
a. Lumbint and
b. Niglihava
4. Features and Alphabets of Pracalit Newari Script and its translation practice
Part Two
Origin and development of Buddhist Art and Architecture
Unit III Literary sources and Origin of Buddhist Symbolic Art 15
1. Buddha's View on Art
2. Types of Buddhist Art
a. Sippa or Sippayatana and
b. Senis -craft unions of Buddha's period
3. Paintings
a. Cloth paintings,
b. Wall paintings
c. Manuscript painting
4. Sculpture Buddha images and other sculptures mentioned in
Pali and Sanskrit literature)
5. Origin of symbolic art in Buddhism
Unit IV Development of Buddhist Art Schools 15
1. Buddhist art in Mauryan period
2. Buddhist Art of Sunga, Satavahana period
3. Mathura school of art (Kushana & Gupta)
4. Gandhara school of art (Kushana)
5. Amaravati school of art (Andhra)
6. Sarnath scool of art (Gupta)
7. Pala School of Art
Unit V Origin and Development of Buddhist Architecture 15
1. Vihar Architecture: Meaning and Concept
2. Early shelters of Monks: Kuti and Ruck cut shelters
3. Five types of Lenas:
a. Vihara,
b. Addayoga,
c. Pasada,
d. Hammiya and
e. Guha
4. Features of Baha and Bahil Architecture
5. Features of Tibetan Gompa Monastery
6. Stupa Architecture:
a. Meaning and Concept
b. Introduction to Cetiya, Stupa and Chorten
Part III
Buddhist Art of Nepal
Unit VI Origin and Development of Buddhist Art in Nepal 15
1. Origin of Buddhist art in Nepal
2. Features and techniques of Paubha Painting and Thanka Painting
3. Medieval Buddhist Paintings of Nepal
4. Introduction to Buddhist Fresco and Manuscript Paintings of Nepal
Unit VII Buddhist Sculptures of Nepal 15
1. Buddhist Sculptures of Licchavi Period (Stone sculptures)
2. Techniques of Metal casting in Nepal (Lost wax casting)
3. General introduction to Repose Art of Nepal
4. Features of Medieval Buddhist Sculptures of Nepal (Metal and Wood)
Part IV
Buddhist Iconography
Unit VIII Iconography of Buddhist Deitie 10
1. Meaning and Concept of Iconography
2. Chief features Buddhist Iconography:
a. Colour,
b. Posture,
c. Gesture,
d. Drapery,
e. Ornaments and
f. Attributes
3. General Introduction to Buddhist Iconographical texts:
a. Sadhanamala,
b. Sadhanasamucchaya,
c. Kriyasangraha,
d. Devapratimalaksana,
e. Manjushreesadhana,
f. Nispannayogavali
Unit IX Iconography of selected deities 20
1. Dipankar Buddha, Shakyamuni Buddha and Bhaisarjya Buddha
2. Boddhisattva Maitreya, Padmapani, Vajrapani and Manjusri
3. Vajrasattva, Vajradhara and Panchabuddha
4. Arya Tara, Prajnaparmita and Vasundhara
Unit X Art and Rituals 10
1. Brief Introduction to Ritual Art
2. Mandala
Reference Book
1. Bajracarya, Dunda Bahadur (tr.), Samyutta Nikaya, Lalitpur: Bir purna Pustak Sangrahalaya.1999
2. Bajracarya,Duna Bahadur (tr,), Digha Nikaya, Gabahal, Lalitpur: Bir Purna pustak Sangrahalaya, 2000
3. Bhattacharya, Benoytosh (ed.), Sadhanamala, Baroda: Oriental institute, 1968.
4. Bhattacharya, Benoytosh, Indian Buddhist Iconography, Calcutta: K. L. Mukhopadhyaya, 1972.
5. Brajracarya, Dunda Bahadur (tr.), MajjhimaNikaya, Lalitpur: Bir Purna Pustak Sangrahalaya,1997
6. Coomarswamy, Anada K, The Origin of the Buddha Image, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1972
7. Cowel,E B, The Jataka, Delhi: Low price Publication, 1997
8. Dorjee, Pema, Stupa and Its Technology, New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and Motilal Banarasidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1996
9. Germain Bazin, A Concise History of Art, London: Thames and Hudson, 1958.
10. Gupta, Rajatananda Das, Nepali Miniature, New Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Bhawan, 2001.
11. Jackson, David and Janice Jackson, Tibetan Thangka Painting, London: Serindia Publications, 1984.
12. Kausallyayana, Bhadanta Ananda, Jataka, Vol I- IV, Prayag: Hindi Sahitya Sammelana, 1982
13. Kramrich, Stella, The Art of Nepal. London: Asia Society, 1964
14. Kreiger, Hugo E., Kathmandu Valley Painting:- The Jucker Collection, London: Serindia Pub., 1999.
15. Pal, P., Art of Nepal, Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1985.
16. Roy, C. Craven, Indian Art, London: Themes and Hudson, 1993.
17. Sadharma Raj Bajracharya (tr.), Sadharmapundarika Vaipulyasutra, Lalitpur: Lotus Research Centre, 1990.
18. Sankrityayana, Rahul (tr.), Vinayapitaka.Varanasi: Baudha Akargranthamala, Kasi Vidhyapith, 1994
19. Shakya, Hem Raj, Svayambhu Mahacaitya, Kathmandu: Svayabhu Vikas Mandal, 2004
20. Shakya, Mehendra Ratna, Dhatubāta Nirmit Kalātmaka Vastuko Namunā Pustikā, Kathmandu: Government of
Nepal, Cottage and Small Industry Development Committee, B.S.2068
21. Shakya, Milan Ratna, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, Kathmandu: CNAS, 2011.
22. Shakya, Min Bahadur, Sacred Art of Nepal, Kathmandu: Handicraft Association of Nepal, 2000
23. Shakya, Min Bahadur, The Iconography of Nepalese Buddhism, Kathmandu: Handicraft Association of Nepal,1994
24. Shakya, Rabison, Alphabet of the Nepalese Script, Patan: Motiraj and Sanunani Shakya, 2009
25. Slusser, Mary S., Antiquity of Nepalese Wood Carving: A Reassessment, Washington: University of Washington Press, 2010.
26. Slusser, Mary Shepherd, Nepal Mandala, New Jersey: Princeton Universiy Press, 1982.
27. Tomory, Edith, A History of Indian Arts in India and the West, Chennai: Orient Blackswan Private Ltd., 2009.
28. Vaidya, P. L. (ed.), Divyavadan, Darbhanga: Tha Mithila Institute, 1959.
29. Vaidya, P. L. (ed.), Lalita –Vistara, Darbhanga: The Mithila Institute, 1958.
30. Vajracharya, Manavajra, Nepalko Madhyakalin Kala, Kathmandu: Sucana Vibhaga,
31. Verna, Sailendra Kumar, Art and Iconography of the Buddha Images, New Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 1994
Research Methodology
MA in Applied Buddhism First Year
Paper V-A
MAAB 513
Full Mark 50
Teaching Hours: 75
Objectives
Overall objective of the Research Methodology is to make student capable to perform in-depth research and write research papers. Specific objectives of the subject are to enable students:
1. To prepare research proposal, conduct a research and prepare research paper as prescribed by university)
2. To pursue research independently
3. To understand techniques and art in social science research relating to Buddhist Studies
4. To create own new vision on subject title with respect to Buddhist Studies
5. To identify and answer the research questions/problems
Unit I Introductory Background 10
1. Concept and importance of Research
2. Types of Research
a. Descriptive and analytical,
b. Quantitative and qualitative
c. Historical and survey methods
Unit II Sources and Types of Information 20
1. Types of evidence in Buddhist Studies
2. Nature of Information
a. Original,
b. Primary and
c. Secondary
3. Collection of information
a. Observation,
b. Interview,
c. Questionnaire/Schedule
4. Developing of Tools – Sampling
5. Archaeological (artistic and monumental information) evidence in Buddhist Studies
Unit III Manuscriptology and Buddhist Studies 20
1. Concept of manuscriptology
2. Types of manuscriptology
3. Production and preservation
4. Pali and Sanskrit manuscript in South Asia
5. Textual criticism in Buddhist Manuscripts
Unit IV Practical Aspect of Research Methodology 20
1. Selection of Topics
2. Statement/Identification of Research Problem
3. Scope, Limitation and Rational of the topic
4. Review of literature
5. Citation, Footnote and Bibliography
6. Preparation of research paper
7. Presentation (Graphical, tabulation, charts, figures, photographs, etc.)
Unit V Research Proposal – Research Paper 5
Students are required to submit a research paper under the guidance of supervisor/professor/lecturer as a part of internal examination.
References (Suggested Readings)
1. Baker, Therese L., Doing Social Research, London: McGrow Hill, 1991
2. Young Poulin V., Scientific Social Survey and Research, New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 2006
3. Turabian, Kale L., A Manual of Writers of Term Paper, Thesis and Dissertation, Chicago University, 2007
4. Wolff, Howard K., and Prem R. Pant, A Handbook for Social Science Research and Thesis Writing. ….
5. Katre, S. M., Introduction to Indian Textual Criticism, Deccan College Handbook Series 5, Poona, 1954
6. Murthy, R. S. S., Introduction to Manuscriptology. New Delhi: Sharada Pub. House, 1996
7. Sarma, K. V., "Manuscriptology and Textual Criticism in Medieval India", Indological Tourinesia, Vol. 10, 1982. pp. 281-288
8. Bhattacharya, Narendra Nath, History of Research on Indian Buddhism. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers., 1981.
9. Cryer, Pat., The Research Student's Guide to Success. New Delhi: Viva Books, 1991
10. Hanayama, Shinsho, Bibliography of Buddhism. New Delhi: Akshaya Prakashan, 2005
Buddhism and Society
MA Applied Buddhism First Year
Paper V-B Full mark 50
MAAB 514 Teaching
Hours: 75
Course objective:
This course is designed with an objective to impart knowledge on social significance of Buddhism in modern times. It begins with learning from some of the selected Pali and Sanskrit Sutras. Students will learn about the role of Buddhism in social development as well as impact in the society.
Unit I Buddhism and Society – Study of Selected Pali and Sanskrit Sutra 25
1. Gilana sutta, Jivaka Sutta, Kula Sutta, Dhammika Sutta, Dighajanu Sutta,
2. Sigalovada Sutta, Kutadanta Sutta, Cakkavatti Simhanada Sutta.
3. Mangala Sutta, Parabhava Sutta
4. Ugraparipriccha Sutra, Gandavyuha Sutra, Lalitvistara Sutra and
5. Namasangiti Sutra
Unit II Buddhism and Social Development 20
1. Buddhism and Social Involvement.
a. Buddhist Social Principles and theories.
2. Buddhism in Syncratic Shape.
3. Buddhist Approach to Social Development.
4. Buddhism and Social Action (generosity, helping, [teaching], community service)
Unit III Buddhism and Lay Society 15
1. Introduction and practice of lay Buddhism
2. Vinaya for laity
3. Laity and the Sangha
Unit IV Impact of Buddhist Teachings in the Modern Society 15
1. Theoretical framework to apply spiritual principles to collective social issues
2. Impact of Buddha’s Teachings in Politics, economy and Environment
Suggested Readings
1. Selected Suttas from Pali Nikayas
2. Selected Sanskrit Sutras
3. Bechert, Heinz and Richard, Buddhism in the Modern World, London: Thames and Hudson, 1991
4. Bodhi, Bhikkhu, Facing the Future: Four Essays on Buddhism and Society, Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society, 2000
5. Jones, Ken, New Social Force of Buddhism: A Call to Action, London: Wisdom Books, 2003
6. Jones, Ken, Buddhism and Social Action: An Exploration, Kandy; Buddhist Publication Society, 1981.
7. Loy, David, ithe Great Awakening: A Buddhist Social Theory, London: Wisdom Books, 2003
8. McMahan, David L., The Making of Buddhist Modernism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
9. Shoji, Rafael, ‘Buddhism in Syncretic Shape: Lessons of Shingon in Brazil’, Journal of Global Buddhism, Vol. 4, 2003.
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